System of control



March 18, 1924: 1,487,680

L. J. HIBBARD l SYSTEM OF CONTROL Filed Dec. 17, 1919 s sheets-sheet 1' J A L 7 @6 L 25' 50 299 56' fsl/ ,V l I k/z M. 92 l l L l 96 I7 :25j/a Pfff F241 //a /55 AVETNESSES: 69 d JllfbbgORd ffm H96 @n f df ATT'ORNEY Marcha 18, 1924;4

L. J. HIBBARD SYSTEM OF CONTROL Fjed Dec. 1v, y1919 v s sheets-sheet 2 m MIMI WITNESS INVENTOR 70 m Wwf/imm March 18, A1924.` 1,487,680

L. J. HIBBARD SYSTEM 0F CONTROL Filed Dec. 17. 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Motori/1y WITNESSES: INVENTOR Patented Mar. 1.8, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE.

LLOYD VJ. HIBBARD, OF WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIO'NOR TO WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- vaina SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Application led December 17, 1919. Serial No. 345,486.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, LLOYD J.- HIBBARD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Wilkinsbur in the county of Allegheny and State of ennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems of Control, of which the following is a specification. l

My invention relates to systems of conirol for dynamo-electric machines, and it has special relation to the control and inter locking of the operation of a plurality of alternating-current commutator motors dur-l ing both the accelerating and the regenerative periods.

enerally stated, it is the object of my invention to provide an auxiliary governing system for effecting reliable and proper sequential operation of a plurality of switching devices for governing 'the motoring and the regenerating operations of a set of single-phase commutator motors.

In a copending application of Laurence M. Perkins, Serial No. 273,082, filed January 25. 1919, and assigned to the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, is set forth and claimed certain main-circuit connections, which are illustrated in a simplified manner, for governing a single-phase commutatormotor during the regenerative period.

' One object-of my present invention is to provide a reliable and effective auxiliary1 governing system for a commercially complete motor-controlsystem embodying the circuit connections that are shown in the above-identified copending application. C-onsequently.l I do not deem it necessary to fully explain the main-circuit connections and the vectorial relations of the various electrical quantities that obtain during the operation of the system, since such explanation is not necessary for a complete understanding of my present invention.

Other specific objects of my invention, relating to the improved interlocking or auX- iliary control functions, lwill become evident from the following detailedv description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. wherein l Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a substantially complete main-circuit control system organized in accordance with the principles set forth inv the above-identified copendin application;

Fig. 2 1s a diagrammatic view of my auxiliary governing circuits for the main control system of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sequence chart, of well-known forni, indicating the preferred order of operation of the several switches;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic detail view of pne of the unit switches that is employed 1n my invention;

Fig. 5 is a semi-diagrammatic view show- -ing the preferred construction' of one of the drum controllers that is utilized in the present invention; and

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of an interlocking system that is preferably employed in connection with the operation of one portion of my invention.

The general operation of the d namoelectric machines that are controlle in accordance with my present invention may be set forth as follows. The ,motors are connected in parallel relation during the accelerating period and the applied voltage from the supply transformer is gradually increased by manipulation of the main master controller. In case of low voltage, the over-speed drum may then be operated to enlarge the transformer section that is connected across the motors.

The main field windings are separately vexcited during the regenerative period by means of the resultant voltage that is obtained from the secondary winding of the phase converter and a section of the sup-v ply transformer. Regeneration is accompllshed by varying the phase relation between the armature andthe field winding currents in such manner that a component of the armature current is 180o out of phase with the field-winding current. -The phase relation of the armature current is automatically controlled through the agency of a powerfactor relay device, which maintains the current phase at a predetermined angle to the line voltage. The phase relation of the field current is manually controlled from the main master controller to thereb govern the regenerative tractive effort o the locomotive.

Referring to Fig. 14 of the drawings, the system here shown comprises a plurality of single-phase motors of the oommutator type M7 and M10, which are respectivelyr provided with armatures A7 and A10, main or exciting field windings F7 and F10, compensating or inducing field windings C7 and C10, and interpole or commutating field windings I7 and 110, the motors being selective y connected through switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11 to 14, inclusive, 17 to 22, inclusive, 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37 and 38, and other apparatus through switches 41, 43, 44 and 50 to the secondary winding 51 of a supply transformer of a familiar type.

The system further comprises a plurality of transformer taps 52, 54 to 56, inclusive, and 58, that are associated with the field power-factor regulating switches 13, 14, 17 to 22, inclusive, 25 and 26 the corresponding portions of the sup ly transformer being connected, during t e regenerative riod of the main motors, in series relation with the secondary or generating phase of the phase-converter that is interposed between the commutating machines and the supply transformer winding to effect regenerative operation of the machines.

Further taps 76, 77, 80 and 81, u n another section of the transformer win ing 51, are associated with' the speed-re lating switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11 .an 12 and serve to connect selected portions of the transformer to the armatures of the commutator machines. The switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11 and 12 are employed during the motoring period for Varying the volta e impressed across the main motors, where y the speed thereof may be controlled. The switches are also used to vary the volta applied to the interpole field windings an 110. During the regenerating period, switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11 and 12 are automatically controlled through the agency of a power-factor relay (designated as in Fi 2) and a sequence drum (designated as 73 1n Fig. 2), whereby the volta e across the motor armature and a main fie d auxiliary exciting transformer 91 is suitably varied to maintain the armature current in a predetermined phase relation with the line voltage, as fully explained in the above-identified Perkins application.

A phase-converter 82 is provided with a stator 83 having quadrature-related motoring and generating windings and a co-operating rotor 84 having a winding that is adapted for direct-current excitation; or, in other words, the phase-converter is preferably of the synchronous type. It is not believed to be necessary to describe or explain the operation of the phase-converter 82 beyond stating that one stator winding thereof is connected across a redeterminedsectionof the transformer win ing to operate the converter as a synchronous motor, whereas a quadrature-re ated stator windingl generates a volt by reason of cutting t e flux set up byata direct-current rotor winding, and such generated voltage is emplo ed to assist in exciting the main field win ings of the motors during the regenerative period.

For the purpose of preventin undue surges of current while shifting rom one transformer tap to another, preventive coils 85 and 86 are associated with the switches 13, 14, 17 to 22, inclusive, 25 and 26 in a familiar manner, while corresponding preventive coils 88 and 89 are connected in circuit with the switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11 and 12.

The above-mentioned main field auxiliary exciting transformer 91 is provided with a secondary coil 92 which is connected in Series relation with the primary winding of the stator 83 of the phase-converter 82. A co-o rating or primary winding 93 of the auxi iary transformer 91 is connected between the preventive coils 88 and 89 and transformer tap 80, a normally open switch 50 being interposed in the circuit.

An interpole field transformer 94 is provided with a primary winding 95 that is connected between the preventive coils 88 and 89 and one end-tap 81 of the supply transformer 51, a plurality of switches 43 and 44 serving to connect different portions of the interpole transformer windin 95 in circuit, for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth. The secondary `winding' 96 of the interpole field transformer is connected in shunt relation to the interpole field windings of the motors, which windings are here shown for the sake of simplicity and convenience as embodying a single coil, such as that marked I7 and 1(10.

A series or current transformer 97 is connected in the main motor circuit, that 1s, 1n series relation with the secondary winding 92 of the main field exciting transformer 91, for the purpose of governing a plurality of relay devices 64 and 66, as subsequently set forth in detail.. Furthermore, a balancing relay 69 is continually shunted across the terminals of the switch 34 and is instrumental in connectin the machines to the supply circuit when t e relative voltage conditions thereof are proper.

During the motorin eriod, the switches 19 to 22 are controll y the Overspeed lever of the master controller and are used to provide additional speed notches under low trolley-voltage conditions, when fullspeed operation cannot be obtained by means of the principal speed lever or handle.

During the regenerative period, the regulating switches 13, 14, 17-22, inclusive, 25 and 26 are controlled directly by the main speed lever of the master controller and are used to vary the phase relation between the resultant voltage that is applied to the main field windings and the line voltage, which variation, in turn, effects regulation of the- Iregexlierated torque of the locomotive.

e switches 29 and 30, are controlled directly by the main speed lever of the master controller and are used to disconnect the main field windin from the armature during the regenerative riod, while, during the motoring period, t ey are closed.

' cuit durin Switches 33 and 34 are employed to connect the motor armatures to the susply cirthe regenerative perio They are/contro led by the main speed lever of the master controller and also by means of a set of contact members upon the voltage balancing rela 69. This relay prevents the switches rom closin when more than a predetermined value o voltage obtains across the line switch 34 and hence prevents a current or torque surge when the machines are connected to the-line.

lays 64 and 66.

- A plurality of switches R9 to R16, inclusive, are employed for reversing the main field windings of the motors and are controlled by the reversin lever of the master controller. These s wltches are closed in alternate pairs to provide the desired connection, as subsequently more v.fully del scribed.

- speed is materia The main field auxiliary exciting transformer 91, as fully ex lained in the aboveidentified Perkins app ication, is employed.

to automatically vary the phase relation of the voltage applied to the main field windings inV such manner as to change the slope of the speed curves of the motor and afford a greater operating range in accordance with each curve. Consequently, the total number of switches that are required forpcoveringa zivenfrange in locomotive ly decreased. y The interpole field transformer 94 is emloyed in conjunction with the s ed-reguating switches 3'to 6. inclusive, 1 and 12,

43 and- 44, to vary the volta e im ressed upon the mterpole field win ngs 7 and 110 inversely with the speed of the motor and directly with the armature current, whereby desirable commutation in the motors is maintained over a wide ran operate to decrease the voltage across the primary winding 95 of the interpole field transformer as t e switches are. manipulated to increase't-he'motor s eed, while switches 43 and' 44 automatical y vary the volta e impressed upon the transformer in accor ancefwith the variations of armature current. l

Referring to Fig. 2 of the drawings, the auxilia governing system -shown comprises lthe actuating coils ofthe various switches that are shown 'n Fi 1, together with a lu'ralityof elect ical interlocks of the familiar type that is illustrated in Fig.

4 in connection with the switch 33,' and primary controlling apparatus .including a control battery iB, ,a master. controller main drum MC, a master reverser MR,.and an overspeed controller 61. Further contrpl of the auxiliary circuits iseffected bv'nieansv of a plurality of relay devices, already mentioned in connection with Fig. 1, and also.,

through the agency of the sequence drum 73, which is driven bya pilot motor that is controlled by the power-factor relay 70.

The master controller-MC is provided with seven operative positions a to g, inclusive7 corresponding toinotoring or acceleration, these positions bein locatedv on one side offpan off orV neutra position, while, for regeneration, nine o erative positions a. to are ,arranged f-on t e o site side of the off posit1pon.f-A suita y'configu red.

contact segment 101 is laced on the motori r ing side of the contro ler-forthe purposffk of engaging a plurality of control fingers.

102, 105 to 108 inclusive, 113`to 116, in;j elusive, in a predeterminedl sequence. In

a similar manner,-,a`contact segment 117` is* provided upon the lregenerative side of the masterk controller, t gengage a plurality of;F

control fingers 118 ,to `,120, inclusive, 123 to 128,`inclus1ve, and 131 to 133, inclusive.

In addition, :1 -plurality of overspeed contact segments-134 to l37- are provided upon the master. controller and are respectively associatedVv with pairs of control.r fingers 138, 139, 140 and 141. The preferred construction of the master controller to provide the desired4 connectionsis indicated in Fig. 5, whereby it will be seen thatrv the motoring contact segment 101 and the overspeed contact segment 134are located o posite each other on vthe control drum, whi e the regenerative control fingers 1,18 and the overs ed control fingers 138 are disposed in su stantially the same plane. The urllO pose of this construction will become evi'` ent f from the following detailed description.

The overspeed drum 61 normally ocupies position ai, as illustrated, and is adapted to be actuated through stions and s, for purposes hereinafter escribed 1n dey ge.v -tal The switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11.l 'a`nd`12l The sequenep drum 78 normally occupies 180 1,4s1,eso

vice at a current value substantially equal to the full combined hour rating of the motors. Consequently when the main-armature current equals the critical operating value of the limit switch 64, the switch 44 is closed to energize the primary winding 95 of the interpole field transformer 94 and thus impress an additional voltage upon the interpole field windings I7 and 110, the entire primary winding 95 being connected in circuit. On the other hand, when the limit switch 66 is operated by reason of the traversalof a higher current throu h the main armatures, the switch 43 is c Osed, while switch 44 is opened, to exclude a portion of the transformer windin 95 from circuit and thus eii'ect an increase energization of the secondary winding 96 of the interpole field transformer and, therefore, an increased current in the interpole field windings I7 and I10 tc compensate for the increased current flow in the main armatures.

The operating coil of the voltage-balancing relay 69 is connected across the terminals of switch 34, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The contact disk of the relay device isk placed in the circuit of the actuating coils of switches 33, 34, and 50, as shown in Fig. 2, to prevent these switches from closin when the voltage across the switch 34 excee s a predetermined value. v In this way, connection of the momentum-driven motors to the supply circuit is prevented unless conditions are suitable to preclude a heavy surge of current by connecting the machines to the line. After the switch 34'has once been closed, the voltage relay 69 is de-energized thereby, and th'e contact disk of the relay device in its lower position acts as a holding circuit for theswitches in question.

In the interests of simplicity and economy,l

'the large number of conductors extending from the several controller drums to the auxiliary circuits have beengrou ed in a conduit or .wire bundle, indicated y reference character 171.

Assuming that it is desired to eiect forward accelberation of the motors and that the master reverser already occupies its reverse position. Rev., the master reverser is rst thrown to its position For., ywhereupon a circuit is established from the ositive terminal of the battery B throu conductor 210, contact segment `211 of t e master reverser, conductors 212 and 213, where the circuit divides, one'branch including interlocks R11-out, R12-out, the actuating coils of the switches R9-and R10 in parallel and conductors 214, 215 and 216 to the negative terminal of the battery B.' The 'reversing' switches R9v and R10 are thus closed, provided the oppositely connected switches R15I and R16 have been given sui'cient time to open.

In a similar manner, the corresponding reis connected inparalle If the master controller MC is then actuf ated t0 its initial motoring position a, a new circuit is established from the contact segment 211 of the master reverser in its forward position, through conductor 218, junction-point 219, conductor 220, contact segment 221 in normal position of the overspeed drum 61, conductors 222 and 223, interlock or contact se ment 73/i, whereby the circuit under'consideration is closed only when the sequence drum 73 occupies its normal position z',.whence circuit 1s continued through conductors 225 and 226, control fingers 116 and 115, which are bridged by contact segment 101 of the master controller, conductors 227 and 227 a, contact segment 228 of the' overspeed drum 61, conductor 229, control iingers ,138, which are bridged by contact segment 134, Afrom which in ers two parallel circuits extend, y.one of w ich includes conductors 230 and 232, interlocks 18-out, 14-out and 22-out and the actuating coil cf switch 26 to negative conductor 214, while the other parallel circuit includes conductors 231 and 233, interlocks 13--out 21-out, 17-out and the actuating coil ci the switch 25 to the negative conductor 214.

A further circuit is established from the contact' segment 101, in osition a of the main master controller M through control finger 102, conductors 239 and 240, whence two branch circuits are completed respectively including interlocks 33-out, 37 -out, actuating coil of switch 29; and interlocks 34--out and 38--out and actuating coil of switch 30.

Other circuits established at this time extend from the contact se ment 101 of the master controller throug circuits respectively includin control finger 105, whence circuit is com listed through conductors 256 and 257, inter ook 11-out and the actuating coil of switch 3 to the` negative conductor 214..

As indicated in step a of the sequence chart, Fig. 3, switches 3, 25, 26, 29 and 30, R9, R10, R13 'and R14 are closed under initial motoring conditions of the machines. Referring to Fig. 1, a main circuit is established in this way from intermediate tap 76 of the sup ly transformer 51, switch 3, a

section of t e preventive coil 88, conductors 247 and 248, where the circuit divides, one branch kincluding the interpole or commutating field I7, armature A7, inducing field winding C7, switches 29 and R9, exciting field winding F7, switch-R10, conductor 250, andthence from a terminal of preventive coil 86 through switches 26- to transformer ta 58.

he remaining car-propelling motor M10 re ation to the motor ment 228 of the overs M7, as will be understood without further tracing the circuit. In this way, the commutator motors have a predetermined starting voltage impressed across their terminals and the locomotive is gradually started into operation. g

In a similar manner, control fingers 106 to 108, inclusive, 113 and 114 are successively engaged by the contact segment 101 as the master controller is actuated through notches b to f, inclusive, whereby the actuating coils of switches 4 to 6, inclusive, 11 and 12 are, respectively energized to gradually increase the voltage across the motor circuits and thus accelerate the motors to full running speed.

During such actuation of the master controller, certain switches drop out in succession, as indicated in the sequence chart, to assist in producing the familiar steppingup of the voltage. The configuration of contact segment 101 primarily governssuch release of the switches, while the interlocks` in the actuating circuits thereof further insure correct sequential operation, thus preverting short-circuiting of transformer co1 s.

In case the trolley voltage is low, the overspeed drum 61 ma be actuated, after the master controlleri C occupies its position f, into the second operative fposition y. Although contact segment 221 o the overspeed drum is thus cut out of circuit, the interconnected circuits are not interrupted by reason of the fact that interlock 12in, actuated by switch 12 in final position f of controller MC, shunts the segment 221. A new circuit is thereupon established from the contact segment 228 of the overspeed drum through conductor 268, contact segment 136, which is bridged by control fingers 140 ofthe master controller MC, whence circuits are com leted through conductors 259 and 260 an Athe illustrated interlocks to the actuating coils of switches 22 and 21, respectively. At the same time, conductor 229 becomes de-ener ized by reason of the disengagement of t e correspending control finger from contact segdrum in position y, whereupon -swtc es 25 and 26 are opened.

In this way, a higher voltage tap, namely, l talp 56, is connected-in the motor circuit, Aw il e the tap 58 is disconnected therefrom to impress a ater voltage upon the motor terminals an increase the operating' speed of the machines.

In case a still higher voltage is necessary to bring the motors to full running speed, the overspeed drum 61 may be actuated to its position z to establish a new circuit from contact segment 228 through conductor 261, contact segment 137, which is bridged by control fingers 141 of the master controller MC, whence circuit is completed through conductors 262 and 263 and the illustrated interlocks to the actuating coils of switches 20 and 19, inclusive.

Consequently, a still larger section of the supply transformer is connected across the terminals of the motor circuits and the motors may thus be accelerated to a highel` speed.

Assuming that it is desired to effect regenerative operation of the system with the master reverser MR occupying its Forward position and the overspeed drum 6l occu pying its normal position m, the master controller MC may be moved to the initial or balancing notch a on the regenerative side of the controller. Previous to such manipulation, it will be understood that the phaseconverter 82 has been started into operation in any suitable manner and thatthe secondary switch 41 has been closed to render the voltage of the secondary or generator windin of the phase-converter stator 83 availab e for aidlng the excitation of the main field windings, as previously described.

Under these conditions, a circuit is established from the positive terminal of the bat'- tery B through the master reverser and the overs drum to conductor 222, as revious y traced. From this point, a circuit is continued through interlock fil-in, conductors 270 and 271, control finger 133, contact segment 117 of the .master controller and control fingers 119 arid 120, from which circuits are respectively continued through conductors 272 and 276, interlocks 17 -out, 21 ont and 25-out, the actuating coil of switch 13 and conductors 273 and 277, proper interlocks and the actuating coil of switch 14.

A further circuit is established from the master controller MC in its balancin position a through control finger 118, con uctors 280 and 281, contact segment 73-(b-i") of t-he uence drum, conductor 282, contact segment 3-z' (thus insuring that thc seuence drum occupies its normal position beore regenerative operation can be e'ected) whence circuit is continued through conductor 283, parallel-related actuating coils of the switc es 37, 38 and 40, conductor 284, interlocks 29out and 30-out and thence through negative conductor 214 to the correspondin battery terminal. Upon the closure of t ese swltches, holdin circuits therefor are formed between conductors 282 and 283, comprising parallel-related interlocks 37--in and 38-in.

A branch circuit is established from the above-mentioned interlock 73-2'" through conductors 285 and 286 to control finger 159 and contact segment 142er. of the uence drum 73. Control fingers 158 ands1e5l7 and corresponding conductors 287A and 288 are thereupon energized fmm the contact segment 142a, and circuits are continued therefrom' through conductors 291 and 292 and proper interlocks to the actuating coils of switches 12 and 11 res tively.

Referring temporari y to Fig. 1, the maincircuit connections at this tlme comprise outer transformer ta s 52, switches 13 4:and 14, conductors 295 and citing field winding F7, switch R9, switch 37, conductor 298, primary winding of the current transformer 97, secondary winding 92 of the main field exciting transformer 91, conductor 299, generating winding of the stator 83 of the phase-converter 82 and conductor 300 to intermediate transformer ta 54. A similar circuit, includin the switc 38 and the remaining excitin eld winding F10 is concurrently ener ize by reason of the illustrated parallel re ation of the fieldwinding circuits. In this wa ,the exciting field windings are energized by the resultant voltage of the transformer section extending between taps 52 and 54 and the generated voltage ofthe secondary winding of the phaseconverter stator 83.

The armature circuits are established from transformer tap 80 through switches 11 and 12, and reventive coils 88 and 89 to conductor 24 The circuit is continued through conductor 248, interpole field coil 110, armature A10, inducing field winding C10, actuating coil of the voltage-balancing relay 69, which is connected across the terminals of the open regenerative line switch 34, whence circuit is continued through conductors 301 and 302 to intermediate transformer tap 56. In this way, the voltage of a. redetermined section of the supply trans ormer 51 is opposedto the regenerative volt of the momentum-driven armature A10, tgz differential value of these volta es being impressed upon the actuating coi? of the voltage-balancing relay 69, which remains in its upper or open-circuit position until thesel voltages are substantially equal.

The initial or pre aratory regenerative volt e is automatlcal y varied, until it substantially equals the voltage of the corresponding section of the supply transformer, by means of the power-factor uence drum 73. This function is accompliltlied by reason of theestablishment of a circuit from the positive terminal of the battery iB through conductor 303, control fingers 147 and 146, which are bridged by contact segment 142 of the uence drum conductors 304 and 305,- actuating coil of the reversing relay 71, conductor 306, interlocks 40e-in and 50-out, conductor 307, series-connected interlocks ll-in and 12-in and conductor 308 to the negative battery terminal.

Upon the relay71 being actuated to itsv upper position, by reason of tlg; energizin circuit just traced, a circuit is estab ish from the pos1t1vely-energized conductor 303 295e, preventive coilsand 86, conductor 250, switch R10, ex-

through conductorv 309, armature 310 of the reversing relay 71, conductor 311, amature c 161 of the pilot motor 160, resistor 164, arfmature 312 of the reversing relay 72 in its normal or de-energized position, and conductors 313 and l314 to the negative battery terminal.

A further circuit is completed from the conductor 309 throu h conductor 315 and field winding 163 of t e pilot motor to negative c onductor 313.

In thisl way, both the armatureand the field windings of the pilot motor 160 are energized in such manner that the power-factor relay drum 73 is graduall actuated to. ward its position a. By so oing, the con trol fingers'153 to 150, inclusive, may be sum cessively engaged by the contact segment 142e to energize the conductors leading to the actuatin coils of switches 6 to 3, re-g spectively, w ereby the section ofthe supply transformer that connected' to the momentum-driven armatures is gradually decreased vrelay 69 is substantially deenergized,ycausing therelay to drop to its lower or circuitclosing osition, whereupon a circuityis'continued flfom the conductor 284 through conductor 320,l contact disk 321 of the voltage balancing relay 69 in its lower position, conlductors 322 and 323, the parallel-related actuating coils of switches 50, 33 and 34, conductor 324, contact segment 7 3-(b -'i) of the power-factor sequence drum, conductor tor 283, paral el-related interlocks 37-in,

and 38-in, conductor 282 and contact lsegment 73-(b-) to positively energized conductor 281.

In this way, the re enerative line switches 33 and 34 are close when proper relative voltage conditions of the momentum-driven armatures and the supply circuit obtain, while the closure of line switch 34 short-circuits the actuatin coil of the voltage-balancing relay 69, w ich subsequently remains in its lower or circuit-closing position to acty as a holding circuit for the coils of the line switches.

The switch 50 is also closed at this time to connect the primary winding 93 of the vmain` exciting field windings from the generating winding of the hase-converter and fariseotion ofthe supp y transformer, whereupon the voltage-balancing relay 69 `automatically permits the operation of the sequence drum 73 until conditions are suitable for regeneration, whereupon connection of the momentum-driven machines to the line is automatically effected. Such switch movements are indicated in step a of the sequence chart,

is soon as the voltage-balancing relay 69 has dropped to its lower position to effect the' above-described closure of switch 50, the previously-traced circuit throu h the actuating coil of the reversing relay 1 and interlock -cut is interrupted. However, control of the sequence drum 73 is immediately assumed by the power-factor relay 70, since the actuating coil of the switch 71 is connected through conductor 326, contact segment 327 of the power-factor relay in its lag position, conductor 328 and interlock 50-in to negative conductor 307. Consequently, the sequence drum 73 is rotated toward its position a whenever the power-factor of the regenerating motors tends to fall below the critical value, preferably 100%, for which the power-factor relay has been previously adjusted. On the other hand, in positions g" to a of the l uence drum, a new circuit may be establish from the contact segment 142 through control finger 145, conductor 329, actuatlng coil of the reversing rela 72, conductor 330, contact segment 331 o the power-factor relay 70 in its lead position, and conductor 332 to negative conductor 328. Consequently, the reversingv relay 72 is actuated to its upper position, while the relay 71 occupies its normal or lower position whenever the powerfactor of the regenerating motors tends to increase beyond the above-mentioned critical value, whereby the connections of the pilotmotor armature 161 are reversedto cause aa vreverse movement of the drum 73 toward its position i. In this way, the desired poweractor relations are automatically re-estab-` lished.

As indicated in the uence chart, positions to z", inclusiveth e field power-facv tor regulating switches 14, 17 to22, inclusive, 25 and 26 are successively closed for certain periods as the master controller MC is actuated through its positions b to s". In this way, the gradual decrease in speed of the regenerating locomotive during the retardation period may be manually compensated for to maintain a desired value of braking effort. During such manipulation, the power-factor relay automatically maintains the desired wer-factor relations by governing the opemng and closure of the speed-regulating switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 11 and'12.

When it is desired to discontinue nerative operation, the master controller C may be returned to its ci position to open the return movement of the drum 73 between positions a and h or any portion thereof, since control fingers'147 and 145 are continuously engaged in such positions ,by the contact segment 142. As soon as position h is passed, the control of the reversing relay 72 is transferred to another portion of the contact segment 142 and control finger 143, whence the circuit in question is completed through interlock 40-out to conductor 329. In tlus'way, the portion of the contact segment 142 that was employed in connection i with control finger 145 during normal forward movement of the sequence drum 73 is employed to return the drum as far as sition h and the remainin portion o the backward travel of the rum is effected through the a ncy of control finger 143 and the correspon ing portion of the contact segment 142.

Thus, whenever the switch or rela 40 opens, the power-factor sequence drum 3 is automatica ly returned to its position i. Ifithe o ratlng handle or lever of the master contro er MC is placed or held on the regenerative notches, the ower-factor drum will again be automatica ly rotated step by step from position "cto position a, provi ed that the locomotive is running at a Wd that is too low to effect regeneration.

e switches initially closed, including switch 40, will be opened when the drum reaches position a, as previously described. The opening of switch 40 causes the drum to return to position i", as alread set forth. This cycle will be repeated as on as the operatlng handle in question is hel on the regenerative notches and thus will act as a signal to the motorman when the locomotive rBed is too low for regenerative operation.

is action will also serve to warn the motorman if the operating handle is left on a regenerative notch when the locomotive is at a standstill.

An interlock4 Z50-out is connected with controlI r 144 which engages contact segment 1 of the sequence drum 73 in position b. The fimction of this interlock is as follows. In case the motorman attem te to effect D eration at an unsuitably ow speed wlnc has caused the sequence drum 73 fn be'rotated to its limiti latin position b durinie prelimiiigarlydlta g lancing riod ore the switch 50 as been cloeedpliy the relay 69, then a circuit is lll lll

established through the-interlock -out in 4160 in such a direction that the sequence drum is rotated to its extreme position a. Consequently, all of the switches governed by the contact segment 142a of the powerfactor drum, namely, switches 3 to 6, inclusive, 37, 384 and 40, are thus caused to be opened and any further preparatory regenerative action is prevented.

The control circuits for governing the interpole field-regulating switches 43 and 44 may be traced as follows. Initially, that is to say, under conditions of least excitation of the inter ole field winding, a control circuit is established from the positive terminal of the battery B, through conductors 340 i and 341, contact disk 342 of the relay device 64, conductor 343, actuating coil of transfer relay and conductor 344, while a branch circuit is continued from conductor 340, through conductor 346, contact disk 347 of the rela 66, conductor 348 and actuating coil of t e transfer relay 67 whence a cornmon circuit for the actuatin ycoils .of the rela coils 65 and 67 is comp eted through con uctor 349 to the ne ative battery terminal. lUnder such con itions, neither of the actuating coils of the switches 43 and 44 is energized.

However, in case the critical value for which the relay 64 is set, namely, approxi# mately two-thirds of the combined hour rating of the motors is reached, then the relay 64 isaetuated to its upper or circuit-opening position to ermit the transfer relay 65 to drop to its ower or de-energized position. Consenplently, a new circuit is established from t ie positively-energized conductor 340, through contact disk 350 of the transfer re lay 65, conductor 351, contact disk 352 of the other transfer relay in its upper or energized position, conductor 353, actuating coil of the switch 44 and interlock 43-out to the neglative battery conductor. Conseouently, t e entire primary winding 95 of the interpole field transformer 94 1s enerized to eieet the superimposition of a preetermined voltage upon that already irnpressed upon the interpole field windings 7 and 110. l

In case the higher current value for which the relay 66 is set is attained, the relay is likewise actuated to its upper or circuitopenin osition, and the-consequent dropping o t e transfer relay 67 first de-energizes the circuit of theactuatingcoil of the switch 44 and closes a new circuit as soon as that switch has o ned through contact disks 352 of the trans er relay 67, conductor 35,5,

.ducten opened and the switch 43 is closed to impress actuating coil of the switch 43 and interlock 44--out to the negative battery con- Consequently, the switch 44 is a still higher shunt voltage from the interpole field transformer 94upon the interpole field winding.

Referring to Fig. 6, the circuit connections there shown are for four sets of motors representing the commercial form of the invention. The connections are provided to insure that the voltage-balancing relay- 69 will not be made inoperative vwhenever any set of motors is cut out 'of circuit. In general, the system includes a combination of double-throw knife-blade switches for governing both the main and the auxiliary circuits 1n such manner' that the actuating coil of the voltage-balancing relay 69 -is trans.- ferredfrom connection across the terminals of one regenerative line switch if the corresponding set of motors is cut out of circuit to another regenerative line switch that is associated with an active set of motors.

The portion of the system illustrated com prises armatures A7 and A10 to ether with the corresponding inducing fiel Awindings C7 and C10, the regenerative line switches 33 and 34, the voltage-balancing relay 69, and a plurality of double-pole double-throw knife switches 182 and 183.

Under normal conditions, that is, when all of the motors are to be connected in circuit, the switch 133 is thrown to its u per position, while the remaining knife-bllade sw-itch 182 occupies its lower position, as illustrated. Consequentl a circuit may be established from the con uctor 301, which is connected to one terminal of the regenerative line switch 34, through interlocks 29- out and 30-out, actuating coil of the voltage-balancing relay 69, whence circuit is continued through switch jaws 202 and 205, which are bridged b the movable switch element or set of kni e-blades 203, and conductor 172 to the opposite terminal of the regenerative line switch 34.

The voltage-balancing relay 69 is thus adapted to perform its previously-described function, being connected across the stationary terminals of the switch 34, as also illustrated in Fig. 1. The armature A10 and the inducing field winding C10 are connected to switch jaw 206, whence circuit is continued through conductor 173, switch jawy 201, one part of the movable switch member 203 and the switch jaw 209 to the regenerative line switch 34, whereby the motor Y 1n question may be activel connected in circuit upon the closure of t 1e switch 34.

However, if it is found necessary to cut out of circuit the motor M10, then the voltage-balancing relay must be energized from another regenerative line switch 1n order to lso switch jaw 201, but the circuit of the voltage-balancing relay coil is continued from switch jaw 202 through movable switch member 203, switch jaw 207, conductor 174, switch jaws 195 and 200, which are bridged by movable switch member 196, conductor 175, switch jaws 199 and 194, which are also bridged by movable switch member 196, conductor 176 and switch jaw 197 to one terminal of regenerative line switch 33. Consequently', the voltage-balancing relay 69 is now connected across the terminals of the switch 33 and the normal functions of the relay will, therefore, be eilected as previously described.

lf an additional motor is connected in parallel to the motors M7 and M10, the previously unemployed jaw 198 is electrically connected to a central jaw of a doublethrow two-blade switch that serves as a cutout switch of the additional motor.

In this way, the transfer of the voltagebalancing relay 69 to always connect it with an active set of motors requires no extra thought or attention upon the part of the motorman when cutting out motors from circuit, since the usual actuation of the main motor-cutout switches automatically serves to reconnect the voltage-balancing relay to an active circuit.

I do not wish to be restricted to the specific circuit connections or arrangement of parts herein set forth, as various modifications thereof -may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. I desire, therefore, that only such liinitatlons shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

l. In a system of regenerative control, the

Acombination with a supply circuit and dynamo-electric machine having an armature and a iield winding, of a switch for connecting the machine to they supply circuit and having an actuating coil, a relay device having an actuating coil connected across said switch and a contact member in circuit with the actuating coil of said switch, and automatic means for varying the connection of said armature to sai supply circuit to decrease the voltage across the actuating coilof said device.

2. In a system of regenerative control, the combination with a suplply circuit and a dynamo-electric machine aving an armature and a field winding, of a switch for connecting the machine to the supply circuit, means responsive to the voltage across said switch, when 0 en, for effecting closure of the switch and or completing a holding circuit for said switch after the closure thereof.

3. In a system of regenerative control, the combination with a su ply circuit and a dynamo-electric machineaving an armature and a field winding, of an electrically- Acontrolled switch for connectin said armature to the supply circuit, an a relay device connected to dro to its lower osition when the voltage di erence of sai armature and said supply circuit is relatively low and having a contact member serving to complete and maintain the actuating circuit of said switch upon such drop of the relay device. v

4. In a system of regenerative control the combination with a su ply circuit and a dynamo-electric machine aving an armature and a field winding, of a switch for controlling the field-winding circuit, a second switch for connecting said armature to the supply circuit, a relay device having an actuating coil connected across said second switch for governing the closure thereof, and a regulatin controller biased t0- wards a certain position to effect the closure of the held-circuit switch and the consequent lifting of said relay device to prevent closure of said second switch until a relatively low voltage obtains across the terminals thereof.

5. In a system of regenerative control the combination with a supply circuit and a dynamo-electric machine having an arma.- ture and a fieldwinding, of a switch for connecting a machine circuit to the supply circuit, and a controller for regulating the voltage of said armature and for automatically effecting the opening of said switch if regeneration is attempted at a relatively low speed.

6. In a system Vof regenerative control, the combination with a su ply circuit and a dynamo-electric machine liaving an armature and a field windin of means for connecting a machine circuit to the supply circuit, and a controller for regulating the voltage of said armature, said controller having a position beyond one limiting-voltage position for automaticall openin said connectin means under pre etermine machine con itions.

7. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine and a. controllerfor normally eectin speed control thereof, of an overspee controller embod ing means for preventing such speed contro b said norma controller unless the overspee controller occupies its initial position, and means substituted for said first means when the normal controller occupies a predetermined position.

8. In a system of control, the combinawhen the overspeed controller occupies its l normal position, and means responsive to the closure of a certain s eed-regulating switch, correspondin to the al position of said normal controer, for shunting said contact segment.

9. In a system of control, the combination with a plurality of translating devices and a pluralit of cutout switches respective- -rality of line switches for the respective motors, a relay device for controlling said switches and normally governed by the position of one of them, and means dependent upon the movement of the cutout switch corresponding to that line switch for transferring the government of said relay device to another line switch.

11. In a system of control, the combination with a lurality of translating devices and a plurality of cutout switches respectively associated therewith, of a plurality of controlling switches, a relay device having an actuating coil norma ly connected throu h one of said cutout switches across one o said controlling switches and means for transferring said coil to another cutout and controllin switch when the cutout switch to whic it is connected is actuated from one to another osition.

12. In a system o regenerative control, the combination with a voltage-varying device having a plurality of taps, of a motor vhaving an armature circuit and a field-magnet winding, means for connecting said winding to 'said device, a plurallty of switches for'varying the connections of one of the terminals of said armature circuit to Asaid taps, an additional switch for connecting the other terminal of said armature circu1t to said device, and automatic means for effecting the operation of said switches to brin the voltage across the terminals of said a ditional switch to a relativel low value and to effect the closure o said switch.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 5th day of December, 1919. l

LLOYD J. HIBBARD. 

